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Q1. Which three statements are true about ASM performance and scalability?
A. Disks in a diskgroup may be of varying speed and capacity without affecting performance.
B. Disks in a diskgroup should match in speed and capacity for best performance.
C. A database seldom needs more than two diskgroups: one for data and the other for a fast recovery area.
D. A database needs a separate diskgroup for each major tablespace, redo logs, and fast recovery area.
E. Multiple databases that use the same diskgroup make the best use of space.
F. Multiple databases that use a separate diskgroup for each database make the best use of space.
Answer: B,C,E
Explanation: Section: (none)
Performance, Scalability, and Manageability Considerations for Disk Groups
Create separate disk groups for database files and fast recovery area.
Disks in a disk group should have the same size and performance characteristics.
– Allows the disk group to deliver consistent performance
– Allows ASM to use disk space most effectively
– Allows operations with different storage requirements to be matched with different disk groups effectively
Using separate disk groups for each database as opposed to having multiple databases in a disk group has various benefits and drawbacks. Housing multiple databases in a single disk group affords the most efficient use of space. However, any faults or maintenance that affects the disk group may affect many databases. Separate disk groups provide greater isolation from the effects of a fault or maintenance operation. However, to achieve this may consume more disk space and may require more disk group maintenance to balance disk resources.
D60488GC11 Oracle 11g: RAC and Grid Infrastructure Administration Accelerated 8 - 37
Q2. Examine the following output:
[oracIe@gr5153 ~]$ sudo crsctl config crs CRS-4622: Oracle High Availability Services autostart is enabled. [oracIe@gr5153 ~]$ srvctl config database -d RACDB -a Database unique name: RACDB Database name: RACDB Oracle home : /u01/app/oracle/product/l11.2.0/dbhome_1 Oracle user: oracle Spfile: +DATA/ RACDB /spfileRACDB.ora Domain: Start options: open Stop options: immediate Database role: PRIMARY Management policy: AUTOMATIC Server pools: POOL1 Database instances: Disk Groups: DATA, FRA Services: Database is enabled Database is policy managed
Oracle Clusterware is started automatically after the system boot. Which two statements are true regarding the attributes of RACDB?
A. Oracle Clusterware automatically starts RACDB.
B. You must manually start RACDB.
C. Database resource is managed by crsd for high availability and may be automatically restarted in place if it fails.
D. Database resource Is not managed by crsd for high availability and needs to be restarted manually if it fails.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Switch Between the Automatic and Manual Policies By default, Oracle Clusterware is configured to start the VIP, listener, instance, ASM, database services, and other resources during system boot. It is possible to modify some resources to have their profile parameter AUTO_START set to the value 2. This means that after node reboot, or when Oracle Clusterware is started, resources with AUTO_START=2 need to be started manually via srvctl. This is designed to assist in troubleshooting and system maintenance. When changing resource profiles through srvctl, the command tool automatically modifies the profile attributes of other dependent resources given the current prebuilt dependencies. The command to accomplish this is: srvctl modify database -d <dbname> -y AUTOMATIC|MANUAL
D60488GC11 Oracle 11g: RAC and Grid Infrastructure Administration Accelerated 15 – 3
3.4.1 Benefits of Using Oracle Clusterware
Oracle Clusterware provides the following benefits:
Tolerates and quickly recovers from computer and instance failures.
Simplifies management and support by means of using Oracle Clusterware together with
Oracle Database.
By using fewer vendors and an all Oracle stack you gain better integration compared to using third-party clusterware.
Performs rolling upgrades for system and hardware changes. For example, you can apply
Oracle
Clusterware upgrades, patch sets, and interim patches in a rolling fashion, as follows:
Upgrade Oracle Clusterware from Oracle Database 10g to Oracle Database 11g
Upgrade Oracle Clusterware from Oracle Database release 11.1 to release 11.2
Patch Oracle Clusterware from Oracle Database 11.1.0.6 to 11.1.0.7
Patch Oracle Clusterware from Oracle Database 10.2.0.2 Bundle 1 to Oracle Database
10.2.0.2 Bundle 2
Automatically restarts failed Oracle processes.
Automatically manages the virtual IP (VIP) address so when a node fails then the node's
VIP address fails over to another node on which the VIP address can accept connections.
Automatically restarts resources from failed nodes on surviving nodes.
Controls Oracle processes as follows:
For Oracle RAC databases, Oracle Clusterware controls all Oracle processes by default.
For Oracle single-instance databases, Oracle Clusterware allows you to configure the
Oracle processes into a resource group that is under the control of Oracle Clusterware.
Provides an application programming interface (API) for Oracle and non-Oracle applications that enables you to control other Oracle processes with Oracle Clusterware, such as restart or react to failures and certain rules.
Manages node membership and prevents split-brain syndrome in which two or more instances attempt to control the database.
Provides the ability to perform rolling release upgrades of Oracle Clusterware, with no downtime for applications.
Oracle. Database High Availability Overview 11g Release 2 (11.2)
Q3. Which are the key factors that you should consider before converting a single-Instance database Oracle Real Application Cluster (RAC) database to guarantee a successful media recovery?
A. If the database is in archive log mode, the archive file format requires a thread number.
B. The archive logs from all nodes must be accessible to all nodes in the cluster database.
C. The storage option must be Automatic Storage Management (ASM).
D. All database files must be migrated to Oracle Managed Files (OMF).
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Issues for Converting Single Instance Databases to Oracle RAC
Backup procedures should be available before conversion takes place.
Archiving in Oracle RAC environments requires a thread number in the archive file format.
The archived logs from all instances of an Oracle RAC database are required for media recovery.
By default, all database files are migrated to Oracle Managed Files (OMF).
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Oracle 11g: RAC and Grid Infrastructure Administration Accelerated 11 - 24
Q4. Which statement describes the requirements for the network interface names, such as eth0, in Oracle Clusterware?
A. Only the public interface names must be the same for all nodes.
B. Only the private interface names must be the same for all nodes.
C. Both the public interface name and the private interface name must be the same for all nodes.
D. Both the public interface name and the private interface name can vary on different nodes.
E. Only the private interface names can be different on different nodes.
F. Only the public interface names can be different on different nodes.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Checking Network Requirements
Each node must have at least two network interface cards (NICs).
Interface names must be the same on all nodes.
Public NIC must support TCP/IP and Private NIC UDP.
Public IP must be registered in the domain name server (DNS) or the /etc/hosts file.
# cat /etc/hosts
##### Public Interfaces – eth0 (odd numbers)####
xxx.xxx.100.11 host01.example.com host01
xxx.xxx.100.13 host02.example.com host02 IF GNS is used, the Cluster GNS address must be registered in the DNS. Prevent public network failures when using NAS devices or NFS mounts by starting the Name Service Cache Daemon. # /sbin/service nscd start
D60488GC11 Oracle 11g: RAC and Grid Infrastructure Administration Accelerated 2 – 18
Q5. The Oracle Grid Infrastructure administrator runs ocrconfig -backupioc <new_location> after completing the installation of the Grid Infrastructure. What are the two reasons for doing this
A. The master node may change if the node running the master CRS daemon shuts down causing another node to become the master. Because the default location is a nonshared storage, and only the master node performs backups, the backups could be spread around on many nodes making management or recovery more difficult.
B. The cluster node currently acting as the master node for CRS is the only node that backs up the OCR to the default location, and by changing the location, all cluster nodes will then take backups.
C. This is done to move the backup location into an ASM Cluster File System directory so that the backups benefit from ASM striping and mirroring.
D. If for any reason CRS must be stopped on all nodes for a time spanning a scheduled backup, then on restart, the backup timer will be reset. This could result in longer time duration between automatic backups than the standard four-hour interval.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Changing the Automatic OCR Backup Location
The automatic backup location should be changed to a location shared by all nodes.
# ocrconfig –backuploc <path to shared CFS or NFS>
The backup location will be used for both automatic and manual backups.
It is recommended that these files be included in routine scheduled backups to an offline location.
If CRS has been stopped on all nodes, the schedule of backups is suspended.
On restart, a backup is not immediately taken and the backup timer is reset.
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Oracle 11g: RAC and Grid Infrastructure Administration Accelerated 3 - 12
Q6. You notice that there is a very high percentage of wait time for RAC database that has frequent insert operations.
Which two recommendations may reduce this problem?
A. shorter transactions
B. increasing sequence cache sizes
C. using reverse key indexes
D. uniform and large extent sizes
E. automatic segment space management
F. smaller extent sizes
Answer: D,E
Explanation: Segments have High Water Mark (HWM) indicating that blocks below that HWM have been formatted. New tables or truncated tables [that is truncated without reuse storage clause], have HWM value set to segment header block. Meaning, there are zero blocks below HWM. As new rows inserted or existing rows updated (increasing row length), more blocks are added to the free lists and HWM bumped up to reflect these new blocks. HW enqueues are acquired in Exclusive mode before updating HWM and essentially HW enqueues operate as a serializing mechanism for HWM updates. Allocating additional extent with instance keyword seems to help in non-ASSM tablespace serialization of data blocks in the buffer cache due to lack of free lists, free list groups, transaction slots (INITRANS), or shortage of rollback segments. This is particularly common on INSERT-heavy applications, in applications that have raised the block size above 8K, or in applications with large numbers of active users and few rollback segments. Use automatic segment-space management (ASSM) and automatic undo management to solve this problem. HW enqueue The HW enqueue is used to serialize the allocation of space beyond the high water mark of a segment.
. V$SESSION_WAIT.P2 / V$LOCK.ID1 is the tablespace number.
. V$SESSION_WAIT.P3 / V$LOCK.ID2 is the relative dba of segment header of the
object for which space is being allocated. If this is a point of contention for an object, then manual allocation of extents solves the problem.
Q7. Which two Cluster ware stack administration actions must be performed as the root user?
A. checking the health of the Clusterware on one node
B. starting the Clusterware manually on one node
C. disabling the Clusterware from automatic start at node reboot
D. checking the health and viability of the Clusterware on all nodes
E. listing the location of the voting disks
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Controlling Oracle Clusterware The crsctl utility can be used to control Oracle Clusterware. To start or stop Oracle Clusterware on a specific node: # crsctl start crs # crsctl stop crs To enable or disable Oracle Clusterware on a specific node: # crsctl enable crs # crsctl disable crs
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Oracle 11g: RAC and Grid Infrastructure Administration Accelerated 3 - 5
Q8. The System Global Area (SGA) for the ASM instance contains distinct memory areas. Choose three areas that are contained within the ASM SGA.
A. Shared Pool
B. Buffer Cache
C. Log Buffer
D. Large Pool
E. ASM Cache
F. Streams Pool
Answer: A,D,E
Explanation: Section: (none)
The SGA in an ASM instance is different in memory allocation and usage than the SGA in a database instance. The SGA in the ASM instance is divided into four primary areas as follows: Shared Pool: Used for metadata information Large Pool: Used for parallel operations ASM Cache: Used for reading and writing blocks during rebalance operations Free Memory: Unallocated memory available D60488GC11 Oracle 11g: RAC and Grid Infrastructure Administration
Q9. ETH0 is the public interface on all your RAC nodes.
ETH1 is the private interface on all your RAC nodes for use with the cluster interconnect.
ETH2 is used on all the RAC nodes for accessing storage on a filer using network attached storage (NAS).
With which interface are the SCAN and node VIPs (Virtual IP addresses) associated?
A. ETH0 for the node VIPs and ETH1 for the SCAN VIPs
B. ETH0 for both the node VIPs and the SCAN VIPs
C. ETH1 for both the node VIPs and the SCAN VIPs
D. ETH1 for the node VIPs and ETH0 for the SCAN VIPs
E. with both ETH0 and ETH1 for both the node VIPs and the SCAN VIPs
Answer: B
Explanation:
2.7.2 IP Address Requirements Before starting the installation, you must have at least two interfaces configured on each node: One for the private IP address and one for the public IP address. You can configure IP addresses with one of the following options: Dynamic IP address assignment using Oracle Grid Naming Service (GNS). If you select this option, then network administrators assign static IP address for the physical host name and dynamically allocated IPs for the Oracle Clusterware managed VIP addresses. In this case, IP addresses for the VIPs are assigned by a DHCP and resolved using a multicast domain name server configured as part of Oracle Clusterware within the cluster. If you plan to use GNS, then you must have the following:
-A DHCP service running on the public network for the cluster
-Enough addresses on the DHCP to provide 1 IP address for each node's virtual IP, and 3 IP addresses for the cluster used by the Single Client Access Name (SCAN) for the cluster
Static IP address assignment. If you select this option, then network administrators assign a fixed IP address for each physical host name in the cluster and for IPs for the Oracle Clusterware managed VIPs. In addition, domain name server (DNS) based static name resolution is used for each node. Selecting this option requires that you request network administration updates when you modify the cluster.
Note:
Oracle recommends that you use a static host name for all server node public hostnames.
Public IP addresses and virtual IP addresses must be in the same subnet.
Oracle only supports DHCP-assigned networks for the default network, not for any subsequent networks.
Oracle. Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide
11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux
Q10. Choose four tools that can be used to create ASM disk groups.
A. Enterprise Manager
B. SRVCTL
C. ASMCMD
D. CRSCTL
E. ASMCA
F. SQL*Plus
Answer: A,C,E,F